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This multinational collection of essays challenges the traditional image of a monolingual Ancient Regime in Enlightenment Europe, both East and West. Its archival research explores the important role played by selective language use in social life and in the educational provisions in the early constitution of modern society. A broad range of case studies show how language was viewed and used symbolically by social groups "ranging from the nobility to the peasantry" to develop, express, and mark their identities.

Sociolinguistics --- anno 1700-1799 --- Europe --- Historical linguistics --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- History --- E-books --- Historical linguistics. --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Areal linguistics

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The policies relating to language pursued by European monarchies and states have been widely studied, but far less attention has been given to their linguistic and cultural policies in territories outside their own borders. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to filling that gap, distinguishing and analysing several different types of linguistic and foreign cultural policies. Such policies, the contributors show, tended not to be proclaimed officially, but they nonetheless had lasting effects on both language and culture in Europe and beyond.

Sociolinguistics --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Europe --- Language policy. --- Cultural policy. --- Intellectual life --- State encouragement of science, literature, and art --- Culture --- Popular culture --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Government policy --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Foreign relations --- Language policy Language contacts Linguistic imperialism Multilingualism Francophony Modern History.

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Before the modern nation-state became a stable, widespread phenomenon throughout northern Europe, multilingualism-the use of multiple languages in one geographical area-was common throughout the region. This book brings together historians and linguists, who apply their respective analytic tools to offer an interdisciplinary interpretation of the functions of multilingualism in identity-building in the period, and, from that, draw valuable lessons for understanding today's cosmopolitan societies.

Historical linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Europe: North --- Multilingualism --- Languages in contact --- Language and culture --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Areal linguistics --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- History. --- Multilingualism Francophonie Language teaching Early Modern period Autodidactics History of language contacts.

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Au temps de l'humanisme, les héritiers de l'élite européenne ont, pour se former, souvent pratiqué le « voyage étudiant » ; à l'époque moderne, ils ont été nombreux à effectuer le « Grand Tour » du continent. Mais c'est à des migrations estudiantines moins connues, et souvent moins heureuses, que s'intéresse cet ouvrage. Du xvie au xxe siècle, en effet, des jeunes gens issus de minorités ont été contraints d'aller étudier ailleurs, au gré des répressions, notamment religieuses, et sous la contrainte de politiques universitaires discriminatoires (numerus clausus, interdictions diverses, etc.). Les exils éducatifs sont ainsi légion, des catholiques irlandais fuyant l'État protestant aux marranes chassés par l'Inquisition, des calvinistes français aux juifs d'Europe de l'Est, des ressortissants de l'empire russe aux « indigènes » des empires coloniaux. Beaucoup de ces étudiants de l'exil se forgèrent ainsi un destin meilleur - mais ailleurs, dans des pays d'accueil qui ont souvent instrumentalisé ces expatriés. Au fil des analyses de seize spécialistes internationaux, cet ouvrage étudie les cohortes d'exilés qui se sont joués de la carte universitaire. Leurs pérégrinations et leurs chassés-croisés ont dessiné les contours d'une Europe souvent intolérante mais qui, dans la longue durée, a presque toujours été perméable aux mobilités étudiantes.

Education --- Exil. --- Exiles --- Herkunftsland. --- History of education --- Student. --- Verfolgung. --- History --- History. --- Minorities and persecution --- Exiled students --- Geschichte 1500-2000. --- Europa. --- 378.4 <4> --- 378.4 <4> Universiteiten--Europa --- Universiteiten--Europa --- exil --- éducation --- enseignement --- migration